Research On Stem Cell Research - 1582 Words

America is beginning to fall behind in its advancement in research compared to the rest of the world due, to the lack of federal funding. One advancement which creates conflicts and dilemmas is stem cell research. The conflicts are specific types of stem cells are unethical and not morally right to research on, but not all stem cells are this way. Stem cell research is the study of different types of stem cells and their possible clinical uses. Stem cells can be developed to act as treatments for different types of illnesses and diseases, but currently no push for funding the advancement of research on stem cells are being taken. Even though some stem cells create conflicts among some people, the government should fund the research of stem cells which can allow them to compete with the rest of the world in scientific advancements. The history of stem cells have been filled with debate and controversy. In the early 1800s scientists discovered that a stem cell was the basic building bl ocks of life, and these cells have the ability to produce other types of cells. As the years went on scientists learned where and how to obtain stem cells in order for them to research on the possible abilities of these cells. The most recent years have brought up national debate among the public and as well as religious groups. Many laws and procedures have been taken to regulate stem cell harvesting, development, and treatment for research purposes. Stem cell research has now progressedShow MoreRelatedStem Research On Stem Cell Research1747 Words   |  7 PagesEnglish 111-36 25 November 2014 Stem Cell Research Stem cell research has cultivated a new, miraculous study in the health field. The study has led to an increase in curing diseases over the past couple of decades. Before stem cell research, diseases were destroying and devastating lives continuously on end. With the use of stem cells in modern time, diseases are no longer taking control of lives. The innovation in biomedical technology, such as stem cell research, has greatly impacted the understandingRead MoreStem Research On Stem Cell Research1271 Words   |  6 Pages! ! ! Stem Cells Research ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Jabaree Shipp English III NCVPS Mrs.Gallos 8, December 2014 ! ! ! ! ! ! Throughout most of our lifetime on Earth many have pondered the thought of how they and the things around them have been created. They wondered what makes grass grow to what makes themselves grow mentally and physically. Through extensive research and major advancements in technology over these years, decades, and centuries we still have no answer to our own questions. But, we do howeverRead MoreStem Research On Stem Cell Research1318 Words   |  6 Pagesknown as Stem Cell Research (SCR). Stem Cell Research is a relatively new field that has shown much promise to help deal with hundreds of different conditions and diseases. Though this astounding field holds the key to saving thousands of lives, there is a misguided ethical problem with Stem Cell Research raised by the church. The church only focuses on one aspect of harvesting stem cells when there is more than one way to get stem cells. This isn’t the only thing that is holding SCR back. Stem CellRead MoreStem Research : Stem Cell Research1692 Words   |  7 Pages Stem Cell Research As stem cell research progresses, it is essential that we think about the issues encompassing our future. One of the exceptionally debated topics, stem cell research, is gathering a lot of information. Stem cell research is as of now is legal in many nations. The united states, regularly a pioneer in all things new and energizing is one of the last to investigate this topic. As this sort of examination continues advancing, as citizens, we will in all likely need to vote onRead MoreStem Research On Stem Cell Research1530 Words   |  7 PagesHiga Capstone 2 October, 2014 Stem Cell Beats Ethic Issues Stem cell research is the most controversial topic in the health field since abortion. Stem cell research however, has the potential to unlock an infinite amount of possibilities as well be the key to curing patients with terminal illnesses. Many people from around the world have their opinions on this type of research dealing with ethics, politics, and religion. The most efficient way to study stem cells is taking them from donated embryosRead MoreStem Research On Stem Cell Research1212 Words   |  5 PagesStem Cell Research Jason Bernard BIOL-10000 July 26, 2015 Introduction In this essay, I hope to analyze both sides of the debate, and also learn more about the topic and share that information. Prior to researching this topic, I feel that any research that can help prevent or cure diseases, than the research should receive full funding and support. What Are Stem Cells? Stem cells were first discovered in the 1960s by Dr. James Till and Dr. Ernest McCulloch, professors at the University of TorontoRead MoreResearch On Stem Cell Research Essay1708 Words   |  7 Pages Stem Cell Research James A Merritt PIMA Medical institute Embryonic stem cell research is a controversial topic. In the religious aspect its man trying to play the authority of GOD on whether people should live, die or suffer from ailments and injuries. On a scientific and medical aspect it is compassionate people lookingRead MoreResearch On Stem Cell Research1459 Words   |  6 Pagesmany possible methods. Stem cell research is a recent discovery that brings intense controversy: one side believes that the research is beneficial to the advancement of finding medical treatments and technologies, and the other questions whether the studies and experiments done in the field are ethical. Before understanding the history of stem cell research, one must understand its possibility of being used to cure people with medical problems, and that continued research will bring many new andRead MoreA Research On Stem Cell Research924 Words   |  4 Pagesscientific knowledge gained from stem cell research has proven very useful, yet the knowledge did not come without the destruction of human embryos. According to Healy, Bernadine P. â€Å"The Government Must Regulate Stem Cell Research†, †stem cells† come from human embryo or fetus that is at its first stage of development in which it is in its single cell form before it starts its development stage or complex stage (Bernadine). What this means is, stem cells, at its single cell stage doesn’t have any functionRead MoreResearch On Stem Cell Research1731 Words   |  7 PagesProhibit Stem Cell Research Many individuals believe that the beginning of stem cell research began in the early 2000s. However, the history of stem cell research can be traced back to the mid 1800s, when the make-up of human life, known as cells, were discovered (Solter 2006). Without this discovery, stem cell research would cease to exist. Prior to what has become known as stem cell research, scientists began studying embryonic stem cells using mouse embryos in 1981, which makes stem cell research

Figures of Quantity. Figures of Quality. Figures of Contrast

Plan 1. Figures of quantity: hyperbole; meiosis (litotes). 2. Figures of quality: metonymy (synecdoche, periphrasis, euphemism); irony. 3. Figures of contrast: oxymoron; antithesis. 4. Practical assignment Metonymy, another lexical SD, - like metaphor - on losing its originality also becomes instrumental in enriching the vocabulary of the language, though metonymy is created by a different semantic process and is based on contiguity (nearness) of objects or phenomena. Transference of names in metonymy does not involve a necessity for two different words to have a common component in their semantic structures, as is the case of metaphor, but proceeds from the fact that two objects (phenomena) have common grounds of†¦show more content†¦(Dr.) 13. There you are at your tricks again. The rest of them do earn their bread; you live on my charity. (E.Br.) 14. I crossed a high toll bridge and negotiated a no mans land and came to the place where the Stars and Stripes stood shoulder to shoulder with the Union Jack. (J. St.) 15. The praise was enthusiastic enough to have delighted any common writer who earns his living by his pen. (S.M.) 16. He made his way through the perfume and conversation. (I.Sh.) 17. His mind was alert and people asked him to dinner not for old times sake, but because he was worth his salt. (S.M.) 18. Up the Square, from the corner of King Street, passed a woman in a new bonnet with pink strings, and a new blue dress that sloped at the shoulders and grew to a vast circumference at the hem. Through the silent sunlit solitude of the Square this bonnet and this dress floated northwards in search of romance. (A.B.) 19. Two men in uniforms were running heavily to the Administration building. As they ran, Christian saw them throw away their rifles. They were portly men who looked like advertisements for Munich beer, and running came hard to them. The first prisoner stopped and picked up one of the discarded rifles. He did not fire it, but carried it, as he chased the guards. He swung the rifle like a club, and one of the beer advertisements went downShow MoreRelatedHow Freely Operating Market System1109 Words   |  5 Pagesactivities or ow nership (Hill,nd). Price in a free market economy is simply determined by demand and supply for a product or a commodity (Childs, 2013). Supply and demand interact with two factors which are quantity and prices. Figure. 1 Excess in demand As we can seen from a figure 1, the price from P have been reduced to P1. According to law of supply, this will be lead to a fall in supply from Q to Qs. As price reducing from P to P1, it is indicated that demand of that productRead MoreInvestigating Heat Of Combustion And The Safety Of Three Alcohols1009 Words   |  5 Pagesinvestigate the heat of combustion and the safety of three alcohols and therefore determine the most effective fuel for a camp fire. Hypothesis If the three alcohols, 1- Butanol, 1- Pentanol, and 1-Hexanol are combusted, Hexanol will release the largest quantity of heat energy and therefore produce the hottest campfire. This is because Hexanol has a greater number of bonds and therefore a larger total bond energy. This results in a higher heat of combustion as more energy (in the form of heat) is releasedRead MoreEngineering Design And Manufacture By Looking At Traditional Manufacturing Processes And Non Contact Processes1558 Words   |  7 Pagesmanufacture by looking at traditional manufacturing processes and non-contact processes. I have selected the right process/process and its suitable materials, economics, quality issues, dimensional accuracy and they’re advantages/disadvantages. I have given a thorough conclusion on what method I believe is the best depending on the quantity of lathe carrier body’s being made and also value for money. Table of Contents 1.0 – Summary 1 2.0 - Introduction 1 3.0 - Task 1 2 †¢ Method of manufacturing 2 3 †¢Read MoreRegression Model Essay1120 Words   |  5 Pages1. Qeach brand t=ÃŽ ²0+ÃŽ ²1*PMinute Maid t+ÃŽ ²2*PTropicana t+ÃŽ ²3*PPrivate label t+ueach brand t Q: quantity P: price By running the above regression model for each brand, we got the following elasticity matrix and the figures for â€Å"V† and â€Å"C.† Note that we used the average price and quantity for P and Q to calculate each brand’s elasticity. Price Elasticity | Tropicana | Minute Maid | Private Label | Tropicana | -3.4620441 | 0.40596537 | 0.392997566 | Minute Maid | 1.8023329 | -4.26820251 | 0.765331803Read MorePalliative Care : Its Role1503 Words   |  7 PagesYet the quality of life leading up to the moment of self-expiration is eligible to be transfigured – for the better. Through the specialized healthcare service known as palliative care, patients are introduced to a distinct type of treatment. A treatment which focuses on the contentment of life, rather than the longevity of it. The National Hospice and Palliative Care Organization (NHPCO) describes their palliative care services as â€Å"patient and family-centered care that optimizes quality of lifeRead MoreInformation Security And Aggregatable Contexts1435 Words   |  6 Pagesempowers a get to control over encoded information utilizing access strategies and credited qualities among private keys and figure writings. Particularly, figure content approach ABE (CP-ABE) gives an adaptable method for scrambling information with the end goal that the en cryptor characterizes the property set that the de cryptor requirements to have keeping in mind the end goal to unscramble the figure content. Along these lines, diverse clients are permitted to unscramble distinctive bits ofRead MoreThe Hypothesis By Macarthur And Wilson1704 Words   |  7 PagesBiogeography is the extinction (natural) of species. The extinction created specifically by people colonizing secluded islands of the globe has been emotional. The m easured the dissemination of useful differences, a real segment of natural differing qualities, in 45 pre†historic island fowl groups of the Pacific and archived its decrease by means of species eliminations. They gave proof that, notwithstanding territory, it is important to evaluate different variables that are additionally basic for theRead MoreInventory Control And Search Of Supply1330 Words   |  6 PagesThe initiation phase is divided into the phases of needs assessment, inventory control and search of sources of supply. Needs assessment is: The determination of the required needs of materials, products and services in the required quantity and quality to provide the service. Inventory control and identification of new needs to be ordered: Balance of identified needs with the existing inventory in order to determine the re-ordering need. Search for suitable sources of supply for the new materialsRead MoreOcean Cores Lab Report1251 Words   |  6 Pages200km off the coast of Vancouver island. 2.0 Purpose The purpose of this lab is to examine organisms found in ocean core sediments and make conclusions about the climate at the time of their deposition, based on the identify the diversity, and the quantity of the organisms visible. With all samples analyzed it would then have been possible to match the results with the marine isotope curve of the late quaternary assign dates to the samples. However for the proposes of this assignment the conclusionsRead MoreSea Water: Dolomitization Essay1538 Words   |  7 Pagesno dolomitization and instead there might be dolomite cementation (Machel, 2004; Tucker, 2001; Fiona F. Whitaker Xiao, 2010). The rate of dolomite formation must also be greater than the rate of calcite dissolution otherwise only insignificant quantities will be produced (Machel, 2004). It is also thought that lower sulphate content helps (Wright, 2009) although in sulphate rich solutions it may actually increase dolomitization rates (Machel, 2004). There are four general models for dolomitization

Parliament and the High Court Essay Example For Students

Parliament and the High Court Essay What is the role of each House of Parliament?Describe the role of the Governor General dissolves the Parliament and issues writs for new elections; commissions the Prime Minister and appoints other Ministers after elections; gives assent to laws when they have been passed by the two Houses of Parliament the Senate and the House of Representatives; acts on the advice of Ministers through the Executive Council to issue Regulations and proclamations under existing laws; appoint Federal judges; ambassadors and high commissioners to overseas countries and other senior government officials; issue Royal Commissions of enquiry; exercise the prerogative of mercy; and authorises many other executive decisions by Ministers such as raising government loans or approving treaties with foreign governments. What is Hansard?Hansard is the name given to transcripts of parliamentary proceedings. How does a Referenedum work?What is the structure of Parliament?Describe the Parliamentary systemWhat is Executive government?Describe the role of the High CourtHow is each House elected?Why is the House of Representatives green?Why is question time so noisy?What is a quorum?How is the ministry elected?What is a cabinet?What is caucus?the meeting of the parliamentary members of a politicalparty the members of Parliament belonging to a particular political party, used particularly in relation to the Australian Labor PartyWhat roles do the speaker and the president fulfill?What is parliamentary privilege?What are petitions?How is a law made?Role of high courtThe High Court is the highest court in the Australian judicial system. Itwas established in 1901 by Section 71 of the Constitution. The functions ofthe High Court are to interpret and apply the law of Australia; to decidecases of special federal significance including challenges to theconstitutional validity of laws and to hear app eals, by special leave, fromFederal, State and Territory courts. The seat of the High Court is in Canberra, where it is located in its ownbuilding within the Parliamentary Triangle. The High Court building housesthree courtrooms, Justices chambers, and the Courts main registry,library, and corporate services facilities. In addition, there are officesof the High Court Registry in Sydney and Melbourne, staffed by officers ofthe High Court. In Brisbane and Perth registry functions are performed onbehalf of the High Court by officers of the Federal Court of Australia, andin Adelaide, Hobart and Darwin they are performed by officers of theSupreme Court of the respective State or Territory. The Structure of ParliamentThe Parliament of Victoria is a bicameral, or two-chamber, legislature. TheLegislative Assembly, or Lower House, is the seat of Government. TheLegislative Council, or Upper House, is a house of review . Accordingly,Members of Parliament either are Legislative Councillors, of whom there are44, or Members of the 88-strong Legislative Assembly. Within each of the chambers, Members are identified by their politicalaffiliationsand,withinthosegroupings,byseniorityandresponsibilities. The party that enjoys the support of a majority of the Legislative Assemblyforms Government. The largest party or grouping opposed to the Governmentforms the official Opposition. Other parties, factions or Independents maychoose either to align with the Government or Opposition, or maintain anideological distance from both. This similarly applies in the LegislativeCouncil. Electoral outcomes therefore determine the internal use andseating arrangements of the chambers. In the Lower House, the conduct of the Chamber is controlled by theSpeaker. The Speaker is generally, though not necessarily, selected fromthe ranks of the Government by the Government. In the Upper House, aPresident is similarly chosen. Both Presiding Officers are responsible formaintaining order in their respective chambers, and for representing theParliament on official and ceremonial occasions. .u2bbea857af1a637c9381a399b5e19f75 , .u2bbea857af1a637c9381a399b5e19f75 .postImageUrl , .u2bbea857af1a637c9381a399b5e19f75 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2bbea857af1a637c9381a399b5e19f75 , .u2bbea857af1a637c9381a399b5e19f75:hover , .u2bbea857af1a637c9381a399b5e19f75:visited , .u2bbea857af1a637c9381a399b5e19f75:active { border:0!important; } .u2bbea857af1a637c9381a399b5e19f75 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2bbea857af1a637c9381a399b5e19f75 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2bbea857af1a637c9381a399b5e19f75:active , .u2bbea857af1a637c9381a399b5e19f75:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2bbea857af1a637c9381a399b5e19f75 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2bbea857af1a637c9381a399b5e19f75 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2bbea857af1a637c9381a399b5e19f75 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2bbea857af1a637c9381a399b5e19f75 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2bbea857af1a637c9381a399b5e19f75:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2bbea857af1a637c9381a399b5e19f75 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2bbea857af1a637c9381a399b5e19f75 .u2bbea857af1a637c9381a399b5e19f75-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2bbea857af1a637c9381a399b5e19f75:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Crucible Salem Episode EssayFrom within the ranks of the Government a ministry is formed. It is led bythe Premier, aided by a Deputy Premier. Ministers can be drawn from eitherHouse. In both chambers, Government members sit to the right of the PresidingOfficer. Opposition members sit to the left. Third party and other Memberssit to the rear of the Chamber either on the right or left of the PresidingOfficer depending on their political leaning. Ministers sit on the front bench of their legislative chambers (as doOpposition Shadow Ministers). Those Government and Opposition members notin the Ministry or Shadow Ministry sit behind their colleagues and arereferred to as backbenchers. Party Whips are chosen from the respective backbenchers. Whipsareresponsible for ensuring that Members of their party are present in theChamber when required. Other backbenchers assist their respective

Two Sides of the Same Coin Essay Example

Two Sides of the Same Coin Paper Analyse the change in character of Michael Henchard throughout the novel, the Mayor of Casterbridge Through the entire novel Michael Henchard, his municipal office providing the books eponymous title, portrays a persistent fluctuation of character. At a glance, we see that he is driven by rage and impetuosity yet; his harsh exploitations uncover a fountain of love deep within his body. This does not only resemble his ambivalence, but also reinforces the fact that the Mayor of Casterbridges actions have either been fuelled by ambition or just led by fate. Right from the beginning, Thomas Hardy suggests that his tale will revolve around one central character, as he subtitles his book: The Life and Death of a Man of Character. Yet, in this vast world, Henchard, a mere drop in the ocean, has been singled out and conspired against by providence. We will write a custom essay sample on Two Sides of the Same Coin specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Two Sides of the Same Coin specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Two Sides of the Same Coin specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In what some say as the prologue of the novel, chapters one and two feature the first twist in Henchards life. The Furmity Scene sees the selling of Susan Henchard to a sailor, who was unobserved by the rest. This is therefore, the first sign of impulsiveness, which overcomes Henchard. It can also be concluded that his fate had turned sour because the auction was about to end fruitlessly until, at the very last moment, Mr. Newson, by chance had entered the tent within the last two or three minutes and agreed to purchase Mrs. Susan Henchard for five guineas. However, I think that this is not a fair judgement of Henchards character, as he was under the influence of alcohol and his taciturnity had turned into drunken fury. Yet, I turn to the initial reason for Henchards attraction to the rum in the furmity. It is blatantly obvious that Henchard is unhappy. From the audiences eyes, Thomas Hardy depicts the lack of communication between husband and wife, and the silence they preserved. Fr om this and Henchards primary reactions, it appears that Henchards melancholy attitude is due to the fact that he has married young and already fathers a child by the name of Elizabeth Jane. In his resent and attempt to seek revenge at anything he can think of, Henchard salvages himself by drinking to ease his emotions, but this altogether ends up making him more aggressive than before. Once again, Henchards rash and indecisive manner leads him to take an oath in this solemn place (the church) and he will avoid all strong liquors for the space of twenty years to come. Yet this shows that on one side of Henchards coin, there is this bitter vehemence, however it can be instantly flipped over to reveal a sense of regret and remorse. It also implies that Henchard has a strong belief in God and that fact that he swears on the bible suggests that he is moral and religious. Moreover, the point that he kept his oath for exactly twenty years displays a determined and resolute character. Apart from his reflecting sense of temperament, two other forces also pull Henchard. Like a puppet on strings, Henchard either acts to the strong haul of fate or of ambition. The first glimpse of ambition is seen when Henchard receives Farfraes letter after selling his wife eighteen years before that. During that period, Michael had earned a reputable position in the community: The Mayor of Casterbridge. Being able to reach such a status proves that Henchard is not only competent, but also capable of meeting his goals in life. Just before accepting Farfraes letter, Michael Henchard was amidst a meeting with fellow council members. His direct, no-nonsense approach meant that he willingly admitted, the wheat had turned out badly. Also, his instant reaction to the note clarifies that Henchard is still as rash as he used to be nearly twenty years ago. The actual encounter with Farfrae discloses a commendable effort from Henchard. He immediately judges him positively. He believes that if this man (Farfrae) can help him, he must be amiable. However, Henchards sudden liking could be due to the immense similarity between Farfrae and Henchards poor brother whos now dead and gone. So believing is Henchards character, that when Farfrae had refused his offer to return to his house for better food than cold ham and ale, Henchard returned the next morning to persuade Donald to come under his belt as manager of the corn and hay business. However, when Farfrae was at Henchards store, he lightly mentioned what has and will trouble Henchard for much longer: Should a man turrun against fate? As Henchards dealings with Farfrae grew stronger and more frequent, Henchard began to unmask his true feelings and unlock stories of the past. His liking and trust in Farfrae led him to speak of the memories that clouded his shameful past. Henchard also admits that he is a lonely man and has nobody else to speak to. His lack of drinking means that he has no chance to socialise and therefore make friends. So at the first chance of a real friend, Henchard trusts Farfrae immediately and tells him everything. His constant persistence led Farfrae to be hired and only because Henchard li ked Farfrae well did he feed and shelter him; the one who was to cause Henchard pain and grief. Henchard is capable of showing extremes of emotion in both directions. Nevertheless, his ruthless and insensitive connections with Jopp, only increases the hate I feel against Henchard. I personally believe that Henchard finds people to use, and when he no longer needs them, he discards them like rubbish. A prime example of this is when Henchard rejects Jopps management offer with the loose excuse that: Jopp was too late and as he did not keep his appointment, Henchard engaged another manager. This theory is also linked to the importance of letters in this novel. Letters and his preliminary responses towards them, govern every key incident in Henchards life. In his letter to Jopp, Henchard stated Thursday or Saturday for the appointment. Still, with the prospect of a better manager who may help him in his time of need, Henchard dismissed the man who he had as good as engaged and chose Farfrae instead. With yet another letter, Henchard comes face-to-face with the wife he disowned approximately twenty years ago. Slowly, Susan Newson re-enters his life by one of his cunning plans, which basically meant that through time, Henchard accommodated the widow Mrs. Newson and her daughter. Then he would meet her, court her, and marry her. This therefore would lead to Susan entering Henchards house, without arousing any suspicion or doubt. On one hand, Henchard is trying very hard to make amends for his slip-ups, by ensuring that they rent a cottage. His penitence is genuinely accepted when he pleads for Susans forgiveness and says: judge me on my future works. Nonetheless, on the other hand, it appears that Henchard only acts nicely to ease his guilty conscience. Concerning this matter, Henchards innocence is established when he immediately tells Farfrae the new turns in his life. His situation is now laid in front of Farfrae, who Henchard believes cannot only help him in his economic, but s ocial crisis as well. After rudely accusing someone, Henchard is always disappointed about what he has done. Without thinking, he recklessly says what first comes onto his head and when he later has time to review his behaviour, with dim dread, he often regrets many of his previous mistakes. This execution of grief features too well in the preparations and outcomes of the tenth anniversary celebrations. To compete with Farfraes quick movements, Henchard was not to be classed as a contender out of the running. In his haste to come top, and reclaim the position that he felt was slowly slipping away to Farfrae, Henchard in spite of this, threw money into a festivity, which was destined to fail. So it was to be, Henchards ill-fated link to fate, led him to yet another disastrous blunder. It was in joining the tail ends of Farfraes spectacle, did Henchard say those fatal words: Mr Farfraes time as my manager is drawing to a close. Instantly, Hardy makes it obvious that, Henchards vacillating sense of character made his heart sink within him because his now passed jealous temper unveiled a sharp feeling of repentance. Henchard was also able to make the deadly misconception of being able to judge the weather. Michael Henchard is often linked to Shakespeares Lear, due to the fact that they both are inevitably deprived of the ones they loved in their later life and dying days. His respectability and importance are slashed by his horrific past and present actions. Also compared to Farmer Boldwood, from Thomas Hardys Far from the Madding Crowd, Henchard hardly differs. A reputable figure in society exposed to the public as a completely different man. With these links to the community, I feel Hardy is trying to show that nothing is ever hidden and it will come out, maybe not now, but in the future. Not to completely judge Henchard on a couple of his words, I thought that his impartial manner towards Farfrae, after the rude dismissal, portrayed his true emotions. When hearing about Farfraes coup for establishing himself independently, Henchard agreed it was only right to allow Farfrae to have a go at the corn-selling business. This decision shows that Henchard is still moral. We are made to feel sympathetic towards Henchard when he realises that he is alone at home again. His appointment of Farfrae as his manager was disrupted by his jealousy. His resentment of a family made him give up love for ambition. He thought he could be happy when Susan returned, yet she died not long after their reunion. Elizabeth Jane, whom he had willingly loved, was turned against him after his envious rage belittled her. However, the moment he audience grasp the fact that Henchard has lost his daughter, among many other things that could go wrong with his life, Hardys emotional detail gives us a real insight into Michael Henchards true character, his fight to make amends and to repair a guilty conscience. Nevertheless, his status in the community overcame the love he felt for his daughter. Henchard suffered embarrassment at the poor quality of Elizabeth Janes broken English and instead of trying to comfort her and help her improve, he mocked her. The constant jeering and taun ting showed a cruel side of Henchard. He not only lowers Elizabeth Janes confidence and self esteem, but he does this as a way to retaliate against the lying, which has held him back from the truth. The resurfacing of Lucetta was one of the main reasons for Henchards demise. He had all hope of regaining control of his life. He had compensated everything and started to rebuild his relationship with Susan. His business was thriving with the help of his most trusted friend: Donald Farfrae. He had also found another type of love: the love for his daughter, Elizabeth Jane. However, due to the tight control fate had on his life, the importance of letters struck once again. In her dying days, Susan Henchard had written Michael a letter to tell him of her betrayal. This led to unforeseen hate and anger. Among these letters, Henchard received notes from Lucetta, informing him of his promise of marriage to her. With the entrance of Lucetta in his life, his last love of Elizabeth Jane began to fade away. Where he felt lost and unloved, he hoped to gain back, by marrying Lucetta. It also then due to Henchards imprudent manner that Farfrae meets Lucetta. If Henchard had not let Elizabeth Jan e go, Farfrae wouldnt have gone to find her at Lucettas abode. How unfortunate a man Henchard was, to have fate plot against him in such a way. It is not as if Henchard is a simple man conspired against by fate, but he is also capable of being insensitive and rude. The first time he appointed Jopp he dismissed him, just because Farfrae was able to solve Henchards problems. Nonetheless, after discharging Farfrae, Henchard once again enlisted Joshua Jopp as his manager. Yet, as things go from bad to worse, Henchard fires Jopp believing that it was through no fault of his own, but an error on Jopps part that he became bankrupt. Nevertheless, it was entirely through his own fault that he was made bankrupt. He even thought he could prejudge the weather, but from his previous mistake, he thought he should be on the safe side and ask someone to confirm his forecast of the weather. Like many other farmers who came to see this lonely man, Henchard got the same cock-and-bull story: August will be rain and tempest! So Henchard did try to use his initiative before attacking the problem headlong, however it wasnt only him who got trapp ed by the weather. He once again was thwarted and fell into a more dangerous situation. By overbuying and underselling, he loses everything. He put everything he had into buying corn in fear of the rain, but the rain didnt fall and Henchard sold his entire crop at a lower price. After he traded his whole stock, the rain fell in bucket fulls. We are made to feel sorry and sympathize with Henchard, because his ambition wouldnt comprise for his love and fate shattered that ambition. In the end, he is left with neither hope nor love. The Casterbridge folk understand that mistakes can happen and are ready to forgive Henchard, however, his status and reputation sinks in lower. All the respect he had accumulated when he first came to Casterbridge was washed away by two primary mistakes. Firstly, the resurfacing of the Furmity Woman, who tried to take the attention off herself and dumped it on Henchard. It is also very unlucky that Henchard was to judge the trial because the Furmity Woman was able to reveal He nchards most dearest secret: the selling of his wife. It was unlikely that a woman of her age would remember such a trifle incident, but with constant reminders from Henchard and finally Susan, it came to her memory that Michael Henchard was the one who performed such a terrible act, (and the man who sold his wife in that fashion is the man sitting there in the great big chair.) Henchard, however, is not completely rotten to the core, because he always has a sense of morality and fairness. When he met the debt collector, he took his gold watch from his pocket and laid it on the table. To accompany that, he also said that he didnt wish to keep it from them. Conversely, we still pity Henchard because there was quite a sympathetic reaction in town as they admirably saw a man who once lead their town, leave in the same poor manner. Not only was he lingering dangerously low, he had lost all the love that had ever entered his life. To top it off, Farfrae had also taken Lucetta, Henchards last chance at true love. My title: Two sides of the same coin can be used in many circumstances in Henchards life. One of them is the fact that on one side sits Henchard, rich and respected, and on the other side sits Farfrae, who is poor and penniless. However, through the course of novel, these positions and interpretations change. Gradually, Farfrae has taken everything Henchard once had; leaving Michael in the same state, as he himself was when Henchard had helped him. Farfrae though, is willingly to return furniture of sentimental value back to Henchard, after purchasing it at the auction, but Henchard is set on the fact that Donald is out to get him. This hot and big-headedness, made him start a fight with Farfrae. It wasnt any old fight, but a fight until death. Henchard tied back his hand as he felt that he had an advantage over Farfrae. Some think that Henchard was very rational in doing this, but I believe it shows Henchards character a little clearly. He thinks that he is obviously better than Far frae, and he could win hands down with two hands and possibly even one. This led Farfrae to loathe him even more. After determining one aspect of Henchards temperament, I feel that Hardy portrays Henchard as a nicer person, to balance the hate and understanding. Subsequently, Henchard still puts enough trust in Jopp, the one he has treated so badly, to deliver letters to Farfraes new home. Assessing all that had happened so far in the novel, I could predict that Jopp was going to take revenge on Henchard, and Thomas Hardy depicts that in a malignant way. As if Henchards life couldnt get any worse, Jopp takes his chance and shows everyone Lucettas love letters written to Henchard while she was in Jersey. This has two main outcomes; the death of Lucetta due to the obscene truth in the skimmity ride. However, did this happen because of fate? Or Henchards weakness of not being able to face the truth? That Donald Farfrae and Lucetta Templeman were living together in his old home. I think that this is due to both because; it was Henchards lack of courage that let fate take charge of an action that made Henchards life a misery. Though, one good outcome of the skimmity ride was that Farfrae was shown the truth, which had been hidden from him for so long. Henchard is also a man who likes to be the centre of attention. This is represented when he tries to spoil Farfraes reputation by gate-crashing the royal celebrations. He wanted to try and get back his position and wreck Farfraes in the process, however this in fact made it a lot worse. Dead likewise, is how Henchard explained Elizabeth Jane when Newson returned to find out what had happened to his family. Yet he did not say this in pure spite, but for the love of his daughter and wanting to protect her from the truth. Though, like always, Newson returns with the truth to disrupt Henchards life. It is not his fault that Henchard had lied to him, but to escape from all his troubles, Henchard had to pretend that both Elizabeth and Susan had died. To further escape from his doom, Henchard decided that he was going to leave Casterbridge. He would rather be out of sight and able to follow his own ways. It therefore suggests that Henchard had opted for the cowardly option, and that he was running away, but leaving his reunited love for Elizabeth Jane, shows a very determined character. Being an itinerant hay-trusser, Henchard was still curious but looking out for his stepdaughter. To make amends and renew Elizabeth Jane and Farfraes trust, Henchard returns for their wedding with a sign of peace: a caged gold-finch. Yet, instead of this being a final good-willed act, Henchard ran away from his encounter with Elizabeth Jane, to live a solitary life until his death. With a final verdict on Henchard, I believe that his benevolence was enough to have Abel Whittle still looking after him, even though he had mistreated him. Henchards pride also fell with him when he wished in his will that no one should be told of his death and no man remember him or mourn for him. Overall, I feel that Hardy has presented him as a tragic hero. His quarrelsome and angry nature is attacked with kind acts. Through the entire novel, it is either the good or bad in Michael Henchard that takes over. Sometimes the rash impetuosity will triumph, but his regret and desire to make amends will equal that out. His isolation and substitution for love (ambition) makes his social life an unimportant part of his actual life. His alienation is the beginning of his downfall, the world seems to have the blackness of hell. Henchards success is shadowed by his repeated absence in the face of misfortune. He plans his own destruction by persuading Farfrae to stay in Casterbridge, and when all other contact fails, hopelessly clings onto Lucetta, Elizabeth-Jane and Jopp. Adversity doesnt let Henchard keep his emotions under control, because his feelings are intensified in hundreds. His hate turns into pure loathing, but his affection turns into infatuation. Thomas Hardy does intend us to sympathise with Henchard, despite his flaws. His catastrophic end, heart-breaking love, the flair for ambition and the leash-like hold of fate. Henchards lifes choices have the fifty-fifty percent probability of a coin. Good or bad, fate or ambition; the coin decides.

American Civil War in the West - 1863-1865

American Civil War in the West - 1863-1865 The Tullahoma Campaign As Grant was conducting operations against Vicksburg, the American Civil War in the West continued in Tennessee. In June, after pausing in Murfreesboro for nearly six months, Maj. Gen. William Rosecrans began moving against Gen. Braxton Braggs Army of Tennessee at Tullahoma, TN. Conducting a brilliant campaign of maneuver, Rosecrans was able to turn Bragg out of several defensive positions, forcing him to abandon Chattanooga and driving him from the state. Battle of Chickamauga Reinforced by Lt. Gen. James Longstreets corps from the Army of Northern Virginia and a division from Mississippi, Bragg laid a trap for Rosecrans in the hills of northwestern Georgia. Advancing south, the Union general encountered Braggs army at Chickamauga on September 18, 1863. Fighting began in earnest the following day when Union Maj. Gen. George H. Thomas attacked Confederate troops on his front. For most of the day, fighting surged up and down the lines with each side attacking and counterattacking. On the morning of the 20th, Bragg attempted to flank Thomas position at Kelly Field, with little success. In response to the failed attacks, he ordered a general assault on the Union lines. Around 11:00 AM, confusion led to a gap opening in the Union line as units were shifted to support Thomas. As Maj. Gen. Alexander McCook was attempting to plug the gap, Longstreets corps attacked, exploiting the hole and routing the right wing of Rosecrans army. Retreating with his men, Rosecrans departed the field leaving Thomas in command. Too heavily engaged to withdrawal, Thomas consolidated his corps around Snodgrass Hill and Horseshoe Ridge. From these positions his troops beat off numerous Confederate assaults before falling back under the cover of darkness. This heroic defense earned Thomas the moniker The Rock of Chickamauga. In the fighting, Rosecrans suffered 16,170 casualties, while Braggs army incurred 18,454. Siege of Chattanooga Stunned by the defeat at Chickamauga, Rosecrans retreated all the way back to Chattanooga. Bragg followed and occupied the high ground around the city effectively putting the Army of the Cumberland under siege. To the west, Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant was resting with his army near Vicksburg. On October 17, he was given command of the Military Division of the Mississippi and control of all Union armies in the West. Moving quickly, Grant replaced Rosecrans with Thomas and worked to reopen supply lines to Chattanooga. This done, he shifted 40,000 men under Maj. Gens. William T. Sherman and Joseph Hooker east to reinforce the city. As Grant was pouring troops into the area, Bragg numbers were reduced when Longstreets corps was ordered away for a campaign around Knoxville, TN. Battle of Chattanooga On November 24, 1863, Grant began operations to drive Braggs army away from Chattanooga. Attacking at dawn, Hookers men drove Confederate forces from Lookout Mountain south of the city. Fighting in this area ended around 3:00 PM when ammunition ran low and a heavy fog enveloped the mountain, earning the fight the nickname Battle Above the Clouds. At the other end of the line, Sherman advanced taking Billy Goat Hill at the north end of the Confederate position. The following day, Grant planned for Hooker and Sherman to flank Braggs line, allowing Thomas to advance up the face of Missionary Ridge in the center. As the day progressed, the flank attacks became bogged down. Feeling that Bragg was weakening his center to reinforce his flanks, Grant ordered Thomas men to move forward to assault the three lines of Confederate trenches on the ridge. After securing the first line, they were pinned down by fire from the remaining two. Rising up, Thomas men, without orders, pressed on up the slope, chanting Chickamauga! Chickamauga! and broke the center of Braggs lines. With no choice, Bragg ordered the army to retreat back to Dalton, GA. As a result of his defeat, President Jefferson Davis relieved Bragg and replaced him with Gen. Joseph E. Johnston. Changes in Command In March 1964, President Abraham Lincoln promoted Grant to lieutenant general and placed him in supreme command of all Union armies. Departing Chattanooga, Grant turned over command to Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman. A long-time and trusted subordinate of Grants, Sherman immediately made plans for driving on Atlanta. His command consisted of three armies which were to operate in concert: the Army of the Tennessee, under Maj. Gen. James B. McPherson, the Army of the Cumberland, under Maj. Gen. George H. Thomas, and the Army of the Ohio, under Maj. Gen. John M. Schofield. The Campaign for Atlanta Moving southeast with 98,000 men, Sherman first encountered Johnstons 65,000-man army near Rocky Face Gap in northwest Georgia. Maneuvering around Johnstons position, Sherman next met the Confederates at Resaca on May 13, 1864. After failing to break Johnstons defenses outside the town, Sherman again marched around his flank and forced the Confederates to fall back. Through the remainder of May, the Sherman steadily maneuvered Johnston back towards Atlanta with battles occurring at Adairsville, New Hope Church, Dallas, and Marietta. On June 27, with the roads too muddy to steal a march on the Confederates, Sherman attempted to attack their positions near Kennesaw Mountain. Repeated assaults failed to take the Confederate entrenchments and Shermans men fell back. By July 1, the roads had improved allowing Sherman to again move around Johnstons flank, dislodging him from his entrenchments. The Battles for Atlanta On July 17, 1864, tired of Johnstons constant retreats, President Jefferson Davis gave command of the Army of Tennessee to the aggressive  Lt. Gen. John Bell Hood. The new commanders first move was to  attack Thomas army near Peachtree Creek, northeast of Atlanta. Several determined assaults struck the Union lines, but were ultimately all repulsed. Hood next withdrew his forces to the inner defenses of the city hoping Sherman would follow and open himself up to attack. On July 22, Hood  assaulted McPhersons Army of the Tennessee  on the Union left. After the attack achieved initial success, rolling up the Union line, it was stopped by massed artillery and counterattacks. McPherson was killed in the fighting and replaced with  Maj. Gen. Oliver O. Howard. Unable to penetrate the Atlanta defenses from the north and east, Sherman moved to the west of the city but was blocked by the Confederates at  Ezra Church  on July 28. Sherman next decided to force Hood from Atlanta by cutting the railroads and supply lines into the city. Pulling almost of his forces from around the city, Sherman marched on Jonesborough to the south. On August 31, Confederate troops  attacked the Union position  but were easily driven away. The next day Union troops counterattacked and broke through the Confederate lines. As his men fell back, Hood realized that the cause was lost and began evacuating Atlanta on the night of September 1. His army retreated west towards Alabama. In the campaign, Shermans armies suffered 31,687 casualties, while the Confederates under Johnston and Hood had 34,979. Battle of Mobile Bay As Sherman was closing in on Atlanta, the US Navy was conducting operations against Mobile, AL. Led by  Rear Admiral David G. Farragut, fourteen wooden warships and four monitors ran past Forts Morgan and Gaines at the mouth of Mobile Bay and attacked the ironclad  CSS  Tennessee  and three gunboats. In doing so, they passed near a torpedo (mine) field, which claimed the monitor USS  Tecumseh. Seeing the monitor sink, the ships in front of Farraguts flagship paused, causing him to famously exclaim Damn the torpedoes! Full speed ahead! Pressing on into the bay, his fleet captured CSS  Tennessee  and closed the port to Confederate shipping. The victory, coupled with the fall of Atlanta, greatly aided Lincoln in his reelection campaign that November. Franklin Nashville Campaign While Sherman rested his army at Atlanta, Hood planned a new campaign designed to cut the Union supply lines back to Chattanooga. He moved west into Alabama hoping to draw Sherman into following, before turning north towards Tennessee. To counter Hoods movements, Sherman dispatched Thomas and Schofield back north to protect Nashville. Marching separately, Thomas arrived first. Hood seeing that the Union forces were divided, moved to defeat them before they could concentrate. Battle of Franklin On November 29, Hood nearly trapped Schofields force near Spring Hill, TN, but the Union general was able to extricate his men from the trap and reach Franklin. Upon arriving they occupied fortifications on the outskirts of town. Hood arrived the following day and launched a massive frontal assault on the Union lines. Sometimes referred to as the Picketts Charge of the West, the attack was repulsed with heavy casualties and six Confederate generals dead. Battle of Nashville The victory at Franklin allowed Schofield to reach Nashville and rejoin Thomas. Hood, despite the wounded condition of his army, pursued and arrived outside the city on December 2. Safe in the citys defenses, Thomas slowly prepared for the upcoming battle. Under tremendous pressure from Washington to finish off Hood, Thomas finally attacked on December 15. Following two days of assaults, Hoods army crumbled and dissolved, effectively destroyed as a fighting force. Shermans March to the Sea With Hood occupied in Tennessee, Sherman planned his campaign to take Savannah. Believing the Confederacy would only surrender if its capacity for making war was destroyed, Sherman ordered his troops to conduct a total scorched earth campaign, destroying everything in their path. Departing Atlanta on November 15, the army advanced in two columns under  Maj. Gens. Henry Slocum  and Oliver O. Howard. After cutting a swath across Georgia, Sherman arrived outside of Savannah on December 10. Making contact with the US Navy, he demanded the citys surrender. Rather than capitulate,  Lt. Gen. William J. Hardee  evacuated the city and fled north with the garrison. After occupying the city, Sherman telegraphed Lincoln, I beg to present you as a Christmas gift the City of Savannah... The Carolinas Campaign and the Final Surrender With Savannah captured, Grant issued orders for Sherman to bring his army north to aid in the  siege of Petersburg. Rather than travel by sea, Sherman proposed marching overland, laying waste to the Carolinas along the way. Grant approved and Shermans 60,000-man army moved out in January 1865, with the goal of capturing Columbia, SC. As Union troops entered South Carolina, the first state to secede, no mercy was given. Facing Sherman was a reconstituted army under his old adversary, Joseph E. Johnston, who seldom had more than 15,000 men. On February 10, Federal troops entered Columbia and burned everything of military value. Pushing north, Shermans forces encountered Johnstons small army at  Bentonville, NC on March 19. The Confederates launched five attacks against the Union line to no avail. On the 21st, Johnston broke off contact and retreated towards Raleigh. Pursuing the Confederates, Sherman finally compelled Johnston to agree to an armistice at Bennett Place near Durham Station, NC on April 17. After negotiating surrender terms, Johnston capitulated on the 26th. Coupled with  Gen. Robert E. Lees  surrender on the 9th, the surrender effectively ended the Civil War.

Ideas for Term Papers

Ideas for Term Papers Ideas for Term Papers Do you need ideas for your academic papers? A term or research paper is a matter of reading several sources on a particular subject. The task of writing such is not too difficult if it is thought out in advance. Use the following steps to help you write a sound term paper: Choosing a subject. This is really where your paper gets its success. If you choose the right topic then you will write a good paper. Finding sources of materials. Normally you would limit your sources to those available on the campus and use materials that are not more than 20 years old. Your content must be sound and authoritative. This is a very important part and it is also quite time consuming. Gathering the notes. As you research your materials you need to make notes of material you intend to use. Ensure you record the bibliographical information as well. Be honest in your use of material. Do not mispresent it to support a point when it actually does not. Do not avoid presenting opposing views if it helps establish yours. Outlining the paper. Once you have gathered your information on your topic you need to then prepare the outline of your paper. Sort your material into main divisions. Then within those use subdivisions, being careful to stay focused and relevant on the subject. It should begin to take on a definite structure. Refine this structure until you are satisfied it covers your subject and materials in a clear and logical way. Writing the first draft. Now using the material you have gathered and following your outline begin to present your points. Write the paper around the outline, being sure that you indicate in the introduction part of the paper what its purpose is. Tell the reader what you are going to say. Then in the body paragraphs explain and support your thesis of your paper making sure your paragraphs are clear and contain a coherent idea that is supporting the topic. Each paragraph should flow logically until you have finished your presentation .Finally, bring your thoughts together in your concluding paragraph. Editing the paper. Once you have finished writing it is time to edit your paper. Read it first and if necessary rewrite parts until you are satisfied with the flow of the paper and that the introduction body and conclusion are a focused unit. If you think you will not manage to do your paper on your own you can always ask our professional writers to assist you. If you give them your requirements they will write your paper. It will be original, custom written to your needs, high quality and plagiarism free. Also, take advantage of our affordable prices and place your order right now. You can easily hire the best term paper writer to have your academic project written from scratch.

List of topics attached Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

List of topics attached - Essay Example The ethnic conflicts which appeared immediately after the cold war resulted in the disintegration of Sviet Union, Czechos...lovakia and Yugoslavia. There exist various different ethnic, racial, national, linguistic and cultural groups in most of the countries today. Majority of countries on the world map are composed of more than one ethnic group and thus there is diversity in almost all the countries of the world (McGarry and O’Leary, 1993). At times some of the ethnic groups of the society which are in minority do not get recognition and thus equal rights from the other ethnic groups and in such scenarios the minority ethnic groups are practically thrown out of the society which leads to ethnic conflicts. In a state ethnic conflicts are born in circumstances when there is an identity crisis and conflict between various ethnic groups leading to internal conflict in a state. Other types of conflicts are also related to ethnic conflicts, these include ideological conflicts, gov ernance conflicts, racial conflicts and environmental conflicts. The most commonly observed reasons behind the emergence of differences between various groups living in the same country are religious, tribal, linguistic and ethnic differences. These differences very often incolve a mixture of identity and the search for security where prime contention concerns the devolution of power. Ethnicity is sometimes defined as the division of people living in an area into identity groups. Ethnic groups are historically given collectivities and psychological communities, these things can be observed very clearly in Iraq where the total population of the country is not only divide between groups on the basis of racial and ethnic differences, the country has also been divided over various sectarian conflicts i.e. between Shia Muslims and Sunni Muslims. The conflicts going on in Iraq and in some parts of Afghanistan can be classified as ethnic conflicts. Thesis Statement Eversince the beginning of war on terror and the ivasion of Iraq and Afghanistan by the international security forces, a series of conflicts have been observed in these areas which are primarily due to the imposed instability which was caused by the War on Terror. The media reports generated by unbiased agencies and the various researches which have been conducted in Iraq and Afghanistan, a basic difference have been observed to exist between the situation of sectarian conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. It has been observed that sectarian violence and extremism is more pronounced in Iraq than in Afghanistan. There are a number of factors which can be stated as the reason behind

Outsourcing Policies On German Car Manufacturing Industry Research Paper

Outsourcing Policies On German Car Manufacturing Industry - Research Paper Example German car manufacturers achieve cost-cutting through sub-contracting and outsourcing. How the process of outsourcing affected the German car industry, how it is done specifically, the related laws on outsourcing and labor and the impact of the recent crisis on the process of outsourcing and sub-contracting are the questions that this paper wishes to answer. With the aid of information coming from company reports, datamonitor, newspapers, websites, and researches, we try to examine all these aspects of outsourcing in the German car manufacturing industry. Business Process Outsourcing is one of the latest trends in business. To outsource is defined in the Merriam-Webster online dictionary as "to procure (as some goods or services needed by a business or organization) under contract with an outside supplier" (Merriam-Webster Incorporated, 2010). This is applied in either the manufacturing stage, the marketing stage or after-sales stage. Germany, specifically the automobile industry is one of those that adopt business process outsourcing as part of the business. The paper will include a detailed study and description of the use of outsourcing practices (to include outsourcing in areas such as components manufacture, servicing and retail operations) in the automotive industry in Germany. Before going into details about different outsourcing practices, I will present a brief overview of supply chain of automotive industry which is crucial to understand in order to fully apprehend the benefits and limitations of outsourcing. Consequently, I will analyze major car manufacturers in Germany in terms of their outsourcing activities and processes. Specifically I intend to focus on three major car producers: BMW, Daimler and VW. Their websites contain detailed annual reports that include also information relevant to outsourcing. In addition, I found substantial amount of information in Datamonitor database about specific outsourcing practices of each car manufacturer as well as trends, competitive landscape and supply chain analysis for global autom otive industry, specific countries, particularly Germany. A necessary part of the paper is an investigation of the effect of outsourcing policies on German car manufacturing companies in the past and in the present. The comparison between the past and the present will be to ascertain the effect of financial crisis and how it has changed the policies and practices of the car manufacturing companies regarding their outsourcing policies. The Research Questions and Objectives Research Questions To formulate

In-band or out-of-band SAN appliances Essay Example for Free

In-band or out-of-band SAN appliances Essay Out-of band SAN appliances allow for independent flow of data between servers and storages since it does not function within the data path (InfoWorld, 2001). In addition, execution of management functions by these appliances is independent of application servers, a factor which dictates for having host drives. This has the implication that the positioning of an out-band SAN appliance posses performance concerns in the system (InfoWorld, 2001). Another implication is that increase in the number of server in such a system complicates administration issues. Still, out-of band SAN appliances have its meta-data and control operations separate from the data path. This coupled with the need for having a driver at each host frees the host to engage only in transferring data to and from the storage. Nevertheless, this configuration has the advantage of caching due to the request time delays involved in linking data path information and the appliance for processing. On the other hand, in-band SAN appliances employ a single device for executing all the basic storage management functions namely; data path, control operations, and meta-data management (Kornfeld, 2001). This has the implication that no additional driver software is needed in the host. Also, this enhances scalability of the SAN system. However, this limits the application of in-band SAN appliances in a busy SAN since both meta-data and control operations share the same data path. Despite this, in-band SAN appliances enjoy the privilege of allowing for caching and clustering (InfoWorld, 2001). In addition, being a single device, in-band SAN appliances boast of low cost of implementation and ease of administration (Kornfeld, 2001). Therefore, both in-band and out-of-band SAN appliances have advantages as well as disadvantages. Considerations before choice of a SAN appliance should thus be based on the needs in the particular organization.

Biological Causes of Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa Essay

Biological Causes of Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa affect millions of people each year in the United States (1). Popular thought holds that these disorders are caused by women trying to fulfill a culturally imposed ideal body image which stresses thinness. As anorexia and bulimia have proven difficult to treat solely with a psychological-based treatment plan it is likely that there are many factors contributing to these disorders. Research has shown, however, that there is a significant biological component which leads to a manifestation of these disorders (2). Current ideas on the biological origins of anorexia and bulimia will be explored in this paper. These include areas ranging from genetic factors to neurotransmitter and hormone imbalances. Genetics appears to play a significant role in predisposing a person to developing an eating disorder. Abnormal neurotransmitter levels have been shown to exist in people with both bulimia and anorexia. Hormone functioning and levels are also atypical in people with eating disorders. While most studies focus on one area, and usually on just one neurotransmitter or hormone, the different biological causes of eating disorders seem to be related to one another. How these possible biological causes influences the I-function (which is the term for the components of the nervous system which give a sense of being oneself) will be examined as well in this paper. Anorexia nervosa is described as a disorder in which women and men intentionally starve themselves, losing at least fifteen percent of their normal body weight. This self imposed emaciation usually begins during puberty and is most common among middle to upper class Caucasian women, affecti... ...nclusion, however was very useful. http://www.ama-assn.org/sci-pubs/journal/archive/psyc/vol_54/no_6/oa5354a.htm 9. Research Re: Treatment of Bulimia Nervosa. This page is a list of absrtacts from research articles centered on the treatment of bulimia. It is good for a quick overview on what is being done currently in this field. The anstracts were generally easy to understand and follow. http://www.mentalhealth.com/dis-rs2/p25-et02.html 10. Scientific American: Explorations. This page, from Scientific American, is an article from that journal. It focuses on the discovery of two new hormones related to weight control. http://www.sciam.com/missing.cfm 11. Eating Disorders. This is an extensive web site on eating disorders from The Harvard Mental Health Letter. It is well written and very complete. http://www.mentalhealth.com/mag1/p5h-et03.html Biological Causes of Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa Essay Biological Causes of Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa affect millions of people each year in the United States (1). Popular thought holds that these disorders are caused by women trying to fulfill a culturally imposed ideal body image which stresses thinness. As anorexia and bulimia have proven difficult to treat solely with a psychological-based treatment plan it is likely that there are many factors contributing to these disorders. Research has shown, however, that there is a significant biological component which leads to a manifestation of these disorders (2). Current ideas on the biological origins of anorexia and bulimia will be explored in this paper. These include areas ranging from genetic factors to neurotransmitter and hormone imbalances. Genetics appears to play a significant role in predisposing a person to developing an eating disorder. Abnormal neurotransmitter levels have been shown to exist in people with both bulimia and anorexia. Hormone functioning and levels are also atypical in people with eating disorders. While most studies focus on one area, and usually on just one neurotransmitter or hormone, the different biological causes of eating disorders seem to be related to one another. How these possible biological causes influences the I-function (which is the term for the components of the nervous system which give a sense of being oneself) will be examined as well in this paper. Anorexia nervosa is described as a disorder in which women and men intentionally starve themselves, losing at least fifteen percent of their normal body weight. This self imposed emaciation usually begins during puberty and is most common among middle to upper class Caucasian women, affecti... ...nclusion, however was very useful. http://www.ama-assn.org/sci-pubs/journal/archive/psyc/vol_54/no_6/oa5354a.htm 9. Research Re: Treatment of Bulimia Nervosa. This page is a list of absrtacts from research articles centered on the treatment of bulimia. It is good for a quick overview on what is being done currently in this field. The anstracts were generally easy to understand and follow. http://www.mentalhealth.com/dis-rs2/p25-et02.html 10. Scientific American: Explorations. This page, from Scientific American, is an article from that journal. It focuses on the discovery of two new hormones related to weight control. http://www.sciam.com/missing.cfm 11. Eating Disorders. This is an extensive web site on eating disorders from The Harvard Mental Health Letter. It is well written and very complete. http://www.mentalhealth.com/mag1/p5h-et03.html

Western Filipina Relationship

Western-Filipina Relationship Denver Jane C. Diacor Why do lots of Filipino women choose foreigners as better husbands? How do Westerners differ from Filipino men? These are some of the typical questions asked by individuals since Western-Filipina relationship is now observed. And a number of Filipinas preferred husbands from the West in three main reasons: it might be for money, the feeling of acceptance, or for love. Money can be the first reason. It is quite absurd to see a 61 year-old man with a 25 year-old Filipina girlfriend, that’s why many people say that the girl is only looking after the money she could get from that old man. We cannot deny the fact that many wish to change their social status and get out from their life of being a poor, and marrying a foreigner is what they think the solution. However, in my own perspective, it is not really right to marry a person just because of money; others are just being practical. If money is seen as one of the reason in this relationship, the feeling of acceptance is another factor. Based on what I have read on some stories about this cross-cultural relationship, a Filipina said that she has a great feeling with her husband. She added that Western men are not really particular on how you dress or how you look as long as you are staying true to yourself. They will make you feel you are pretty and that you are special to them, unlike Filipino men who are judging you from the way you dress to the way you act. They are straightforward on telling your mistakes unlike Filipino men who are having that sugar-coated statement just to make sure you are not hurt. Thus, Western men will allow you to grow by telling what’s wrong and letting you check your weaknesses and shortcomings. Finally, for love, Westerners are more romantic and expressive in showing their affection. For me, traveling a distant place just to be with your love is quite very romantic. And two people living in an absolutely different world finding each other is true love. In short, the reason why some Filipina preferred foreigners as husband might be because of the money, because of the great feeling with the partner, or because of love. It is really great to find the right person you want to be with for the rest of your life. Either a Filipino or a Westerner, the first things we must consider in marriage or in a relationship is the love, acceptance, trust, loyalty, and understanding.

Fall of Enron

Q1- Who were the key stakeholders involved in, or affected by the collapse of Enron? How and to what degree were they hurt or helped by the actions of Enron management? Ans- The key stakeholders affected by the collapse of Enron were its employees and retirees. Stakeholders and mutual funds investors lost $ 70billion market value. Banks were also affected by the meltdown of the company. They included big banks like J P Morgan Chase and Citigroup. Not only the stakeholder and bondholder lose out, the confidence in the company also fell. This was the major setback for the company. The actions of Enron management left a deep scare for its 4000 employees which lost out their jobs and also impacted others around them. Some blamed Arthur Andersen; Enron’s accounting firm and some blame the board of directors for insufficient oversights. The damage was so big that it was likely to take years for the court to sort the wreckage. The company did not think of its future and took many bad steps just to earn money. The CEO should have looked into the company matters long time ago and took action so that hundreds of jobs could have been saved. The companies who were associated with the big firm were affected on a very large scale. This was the biggest bankruptcy of a firm with $63.4 billion in assets. Q2- Considering all aspects of the case, what factor or factors do you believe most contributed to the collapse of Enron? In your answer, please consider both external and internal factors. Ans –Enron’s non transparent financial statements did not clearly depict its operations and finances with shareholders and analysts. The company started manipulating the revenue figures. Enron used many methods to make the companies condition look better by starting different accounting practices. They also broke the legal and ethical integrity of the company by overseeing the company’s financial reports. Even supporting the political parties didn’t help them. They had a complex business model and they misrepresented their financial status to the public so that they can have a better position in the eyes of the public and earn money on basis of that. All the above issues that led to the bankruptcy of the company were perpetuated by the actions of Lay, Skilling, Fastow and other executives. They all led to the collapse of the company. Lay did not enquire about the decisions that Skilling and Fastow were taking. He just approved to everything that they kept in front of him. Skilling always wanted to keep up to the Wall Street expectations and for this he gave pressure on his executives to find new was to hide the dept. This was the major setback for the company as they didn’t know that in future everything was going to come out and it would have led to bad consequences. Lay did not enquire about all this and approved of all the work Skilling was doing. Q3- What steps should be taken now by corporate managers, stakeholders, and policy makers to prevent a similar event from occurring in the future? Ans- People should not lie about the company’s financial status just to bring it up In the market. Eventually the truth is going to come out one day or the other. Auditors should properly keep track of the finances. Managers, stakeholders and directors should be aware of everything that is happening in the company. Policy makers should think about what steps they are taking and how it will affect other people lives. They should not make policies for the benefits of the big companies who give them finances for their political endeavours. Updated case: Many executives at Enron were indicated of variety of charges and then sentence to prison. Enron’s auditors, Arthur Anderson, was found guilty in a united states district court, but by the time the ruling was over turned at the US supreme court, the firm has lost most of its customers and had to shut down. Employees and shareholders received limited returns in the lawsuits they filed. As a consequence of the scandal, new regulations and legislation were enacted to expand the accuracy of financial reporting for public companies. Special purpose entities Enron used special purpose entities—limited partnerships or companies created to fulfil a temporary or specific purpose—to fund or manage risks associated with specific assets. The company elected to disclose minimal details on its use of special purpose entities. These shell firms were created by a sponsor, but funded by independent equity investors and debt financing. For financial reporting purposes, a series of rules dictates whether a special purpose entity is a separate entity from the sponsor. In total, by 2001, Enron had used hundreds of special purpose entities to hide its debt. The special purpose entities were used for more than just circumventing accounting conventions. As a result of one violation, Enron's balance sheet understated its liabilities and overstated its equity, and its earnings were overstated. Enron disclosed to its shareholders that it had hedged downside risk in its own illiquid investments using special purpose entities. However, the investors were oblivious to the fact that the special purpose entities were actually using the company's own stock and financial guarantees to finance these hedges. This setup prevented Enron from being protected from the downside risk. Notable examples of special purpose entities that Enron employed were JEDI and Chewco, Whitewing, and LJM. The justices agreed to look at two issues in the appeal of Mr. Skilling's 2006 conviction that could have broader repercussions, say legal observers. One deals with the government's contention that Mr. Skilling violated his legal obligation to provide â€Å"honest services† to Enron shareholders because he lied about the energy-trading company's financial condition before it collapsed into bankruptcy in December 2001. Mr. Skilling's attorneys maintained that prosecutors misapplied the honest-services statute, arguing their client hadn't lied and didn't cheat Enron or its shareholders. The second issue involves Mr. Skilling's claim that he wasn't able to get a fair trial in Houston, site of Enron's headquarters, because of anger in the community over the company's collapse. Daniel Petrocelli, Mr. Skilling's lead attorney, said the Supreme Court's decision means the defense â€Å"will finally get an opportunity for a full, frank and fair hearing† of issues that led to â€Å"Jeff's wrongful conviction.† The Justice Department declined to comment. The Supreme Court earlier accepted for review another appeal related to corporate honest-services fraud. That case involves the conviction of former Hollinger International Inc. Chairman Conrad Black. Oral arguments in Mr. Black's Supreme Court case are scheduled for December. No date has been set for oral arguments in the case of Mr. Skilling, who is in federal prison in Colorado. The question of what constitutes honest-services fraud is under debate. â€Å"The lack of clear guidance† on the statute â€Å"has been a problem in this area of criminal law for years,† said Mark Biros, a former federal prosecutor and now a partner in the Washington office of Proskauer Rose LLP. â€Å"It would be helpful to everyone if the Supreme Court steps in.† Mr. Biros said the court might be considering treating the Skilling and Black appeals as companion cases. The justices could use the two cases to provide a broader interpretation of the honest-services issue, he said. The court's agreement to hear Mr. Skilling's arguments on the location of his trial surprised Columbia Law School professor John Coffee. â€Å"The area of venue is something the Supreme Court hasn't touched for a long, long time,† Mr. Coffee said. If the court agrees with Mr. Skilling, whose attorneys argued for a venue change before the trial, it could have a wide impact. In the 2006 trial, Mr. Skilling and former Enron Chairman Kenneth Lay were convicted of fraud and conspiracy. Mr. Skilling was also convicted of insider trading. Shortly after the trial, Mr. Lay died of heart-related problems and his conviction was vacated. Former Enron chief financial officer Andrew Fastow, 44, was sentenced to six years in prison Tuesday, more than two years after he pleaded guilty to two counts of conspiracy for his involvement in the energy company's 2001 collapse. Jurors in the Houston trial of Enron founder Kenneth Lay and former CEO Jeffrey Skilling reached a verdict Thursday, the sixth day of deliberations, finding both defendants guilty of most conspiracy and fraud charges.

Standard Business Questions in English

Standard Business Questions in English There are a number of standard business questions used when making generally inquires into the nature of a company. The following dialogue covers a number of standard business questions. The reference section then provides variations and related business questions for a number of the standard business questions used in the dialogue. Business Reporter Thank you for taking the time to meet with me today. Manager: Its my pleasure Business Reporter: Who do you work for? Manager: I work for Springco. Business Reporter: What does Springco do? Manager: Springoco distributes health products throughout the United States. Business Reporter: Where is the company based? Manager: Springco is located in Vermont. Business Reporter: How many people do you employ? Manager: Currently, we have 450 people on staff. Business Reporter: Whats your annual revenue? Manager: Our gross revenue is about $5.5. million this year. Business Reporter: What type of distribution services do you provide? Manager: We distribute to both wholesale and retail outlets. Business Reporter: What sort of internet presence do you have? Manager: We have a storefront, as well as an online forum. Business Reporter: Is your company public? Manager: No, we are a privately held company. Business Reporter: What type of logistical structure do you have? Manager: We ship from four regional warehouses. Business Reporter: Where are your products manufactured? Manager: Most of our products are manufactured abroad, but a number are also produced here in the United States. Standard Business Questions Who do you work for? Variations: Which company do you work for? Where do you work? Related Questions: What kind of job do you have? What do you do? What are your responsibilities? What does X do? Variations: What kind of business does X do? Which business is X in? Related Questions: What type of products does X sell/manufacture/produce? What type of services does X provide/offer? Where is the company based? Variations: Where is your company located? Where are your headquarters? Related Questions: Where do you have branches? Do you have any offices abroad? How many people do you employ? Variations: How many people does X employ? How many people does X have on staff? How many employees are there at X? Related Questions: How many divisions are there? How many people are on staff in that branch? How many people do you employ in (City)? Whats your annual revenue? Variations: Whats your turnover? What type of revenue do you do? Related Questions: Whats your net profit? What are (were) your quarterly earnings? What type of a margin do you have? Is your company public? Variations: Are you a publicly traded company? Are you on the stock market? Is your company privately held? Related Questions: Whats your companys stock symbol? Which market are you traded on? Where are your products manufactured? Variations: Where are your goods produced? Where do you manufacture/produce your merchandise?

How to Read George Saunders “Lincoln in the Bardo”

How to Read George Saunders' â€Å"Lincoln in the Bardo† Lincoln in the Bardo, the novel by  George Saunders, has become one of those books everyone is talking about. It  spent two weeks on The New York Times bestseller list, and has been the subject of numerous hot takes, think pieces, and other literary essays. Not many debut novelists get this kind of adulation and attention. Not all debut novelists are George Saunders.  Saunders has already made his reputation as a modern master of the short story- which explains his low profile, even among avid readers. Short stories usually don’t get much attention unless your name is Hemingway or Stephen King- but the story has been having a bit of a Moment in recent years as Hollywood has discovered that you can base entire feature films on shorter works, as they did with the Oscar-nominated Arrival (based on the short story Story of Your Life by Ted Chiang). Saunders is a delightful writer who combines a sharp intelligence and wit with science fiction tropes and a keen understanding of how people live and think to produce unexpected, unusual, and often thrilling stories that go in directions no one can possibly claim to have predicted. Before you rush off to buy a copy of Lincoln in the Bardo, however, a word of warning: Saunders is deep stuff. You can’t- or at least you shouldn’t- just dive in. Saunders has created a novel that really is different from any other that has come before, and here are a few tips on how to read it. Read His Shorts This is a novel, it really is, but Saunders honed his craft in the field of short stories, and it shows. Saunders divides his story up in smaller stories- the basic plot is that Abraham Lincoln’s son, Willie, has just died of fever in 1862 (which really happened). Willie’s soul is now in the Bardo, a state of being in-between death and what comes later. Adults can remain in the Bardo indefinitely through sheer willpower, but if children don’t shuffle off quickly they start to suffer horribly. When the President visits his son and cradles his body, Willie decides not to move on- and the other ghosts in the graveyard decide they must convince him to go for his own good. Each ghost gets to tell stories, and Saunders further divides the book into other snippets. Essentially, reading the novel is like reading dozens of interconnected short stories- so bone up on Saunders’ short work. For starters, check out CivilWarLand in Bad Decline, which is not at all what you think it is. Two others you can’t miss would be 400 Pound CEO (in the same collection) and The Semplica Girl Diaries, in his collection Tenth of December. Don’t Panic Some folks might be tempted to assume this is too much for them- too much history, too much literary trickery, too many characters. Saunders doesn’t hold your hand, that’s true, and the opening of the book is deep, lush, and extremely detailed. But don’t panic- Saunders knows that what he’s done here might be overwhelming to some, and he’s structured the book with alternating waves of energy- highs and lows. Make it through the first few dozen pages and you’ll start to see how Saunders offers up a moment to catch your breath as he slides in and out of the main narrative. Watch for the Fake News When Saunders dives out of the narrative, he offers up the personal stories of the ghosts as well as glimpses of Lincoln’s life before and after his son died. While these scenes are offered up realistically, with the dry tone of historical fact, they’re not all true; Saunders mixes real events with imagined ones pretty freely, and without warning. So don’t assume that anything Saunders describes in the book as part of history really happened. Ignore the Citations Those historic snippets are often offered with citations, which serve to both burnish that sense of realism (even for the imagined moments) and root the story in the real 19th century. But a curious thing will happen if you simply ignore the credits- the veracity of the scenes ceases to matter, and the voice of history becomes just another ghost telling its tale, which is a little mind blowing if you allow yourself to sit with it a while. Skip the citations and the book will be even more entertaining, and a little easier to read. George Saunders is a genius, and Lincoln in the Bardo will no doubt remain one of those books that people want to talk about for years to come. The only question is, will Saunders come back with another long-form story, or will he go back to short stories?

A rhetorical analysis of the New York Times Essay

A rhetorical analysis of the New York Times - Essay Example This can be analysed to mean that although there are plans in minds of many people, there lacks mechanisms or ways of executing them. According to Nathan, it is only through autonomy, that this can be realised. The second comment is from, Rebecca. She is also pleased with Cain’s article. Rebecca is also worried that in her school, there has been efforts to restructure several buildings, but unfortunately, she only hears of open plan, which according to her, makes her very nervous (Cain, Para. 4). The way she puts across her statements, it is evident that ethos is strong in her case. She even argues that after reading the article, she forwarded it to her head of school and the committee dealing with the restructuring plan. This indicates that she found some ethical appeals, and in this case, from a reliable source and expert testimony, bout how collaboration lacks creativity. Maria, the third commenter, on the other hand, argues that group work inhibit her creativity. She further argues that when she is alone she is free to focus task at hand (Cain, Para. 5). Her arguments can be argued to be in logos because she gives accounts of her own experience. She points out that dealing with groups; she cannot be able to make firm decisions since she has to be rational with the observations of other persons in the group. Cain poses a rhetoric argument that pulls various mixed reactions from readers. Much of this is seen when every commenter tries to justify the issue of lack of creativity and implantation phase of collaborations. Comments or the top three comments use different techniques to catch the attention of the readers that follows them. For example, Maria goes on to point out how disappointed she was because even if there were plans in her school to restructure some buildings, they are only mere talks, which she terms as â€Å"open plans†, but without implementation or

The public sector is the sole remaining sector in which trade unions Essay

The public sector is the sole remaining sector in which trade unions have influence in the employment relationship. Discuss th - Essay Example Industrial relations have varied throughout the ages and differ in terms of concepts and implementation. Based on statistics presented by the Federation of European Employers, membership in the trade unions in Western parts of Europe declined over the last 20 years. Out of 27 members in the European Union, very few nations have more than half of their labor force in the trade unions. In fact, even the most populated states have only a moderate number of their population having membership. Italy has 30%, Germany has 29% and France has 9% of their respective populations having union membership. The reasons will be discussed in the middle portion of this analytical paper (Federation of European Employers, 2010). Ferner and Hyman (1998) have argued that â€Å"Europe developed certain unique features in their industrial selections during the end of nineteenth and twentieth century, and majority of them have remained in force till the present time. One of the major responsibilities of the employer’s association and the trade unions by sector or trade is collective bargaining and are coordinated by the confederations. Bargaining at the company levels came much later and has been growing, but still remains under the guidance of the federations. A distinction has been presented between collective bargaining, which mostly deals with working hours and wages, and participation of the wage earners which includes the working conditions, welfare, and also adaptation of the broader collective agreement (Ferner & Hyman, 1998). â€Å"Rapid industrialization has been going on in the industrial relations in Europe. Even during the process of integration, industrial relations and national politics will remain important in areas of social regulations of employment and work in Europe. The reason is that the European integration has evolved as the process of liberalization of the economy over the decades and this has happened through the international methods of opening up of the national economies through negotiated expansions of markets which remain beyond the national borders. Industrial relations therefore have always been governed by regulations and rules although to varying extent. This is not just the outcome of contracts but also of the status rules imposing obligations and rights and on the contracting parties, such that they cannot modify them even by mutual agreements (Wolfgang, 1998). Marshall’s views on industrial relevance bear relevance in this context. According to Marshall’s theory the social rights remain awarded according to the citizenship status rather than on the principle of classes or needs. His claim was that the extension of the social rights is not entailed by destroying social classes or inequality. Mundlak says that even though Marshall’s views of the industrial citizenship are on the decline, there are other labour-market institutions which bridge the gap between citizenship and the labour rights. These are workplace democracies, assuming the workers’ consistency in the organisation; and corporate citizenships which are used to entrust

Eating in Ignorance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Eating in Ignorance - Essay Example Obtaining fast foods is cheaper as compared to buying of healthier food products which are essential for the development of the body. Wirzba (24) tries to make the readers of the article understand the importance with which they should have regarding the foods that they consume. Knowing how such foods are obtained and manufactured can be very essential in ensuring that every individual makes a wise choice in the types of food that they decide to consume. These cheap and fast foods are destroying our lives on earth in which God desired that we could live on it so that we can fulfill our dreams and serve him fully. Even though these fast foods taste pretty good it is the responsibility of each individual to grasp what the effects such kind of foods has in their lives. Knowing the composition of the different food stuffs is very vital so that proper choices on the kind of foods ingested into our bodies can be made. Without such knowledge the foods that build our bodies can be detrimenta l to our health. Christian Story Life that has been granted unto us by God should be held with high regard. With the evident frequent consumption of fast and cheap foods, all the life in the planet is slowly being destroyed and degraded. God expects each individual to respect and value all the life that he has bestowed unto mankind. That is why God expects us to avoid the earthly pleasures which are a cause of sin and suffering to mankind. With all the knowledge that man has been given, we are expected to always make use of it by getting to know some of the foods that we consume. As temple of God, every human being should treat their bodies with respect and integrity by ensuring that they consume foods which will ensure their well being. If only some of the people were fully aware of the food products which they consume they can never eat those foods again. This is an indication that such foods have a bad effect on our bodies which is a sign of the failure of man to keep their bodie s clean as they are the temple of God. God gifts which have been given to man should always be highly honored. Showing disregard to them is also a failure to honor God as illustrated by (Wirzba 25). This is an indication that in whatever man indulges in, everything should revolve centrally on God as he offers the best guidance on ways to satisfactorily live our lives according to his wishes. Through eating by gladly and generously sharing our food with other people it is a way in which the presence of God will continue to be in our midst. Christian forms of eating will always ensure that the eating habits of man become spiritually inspired ensuring the constant presence of God in our lives. This will be a manifestation of the love of the Lord. Respond Eating is an essential part of the lives of every individual. What man eats; makes them what they are. This is indication on the emphasis in which everyone should take into consideration the kinds of foods that eat. Life can only be gi ven and taken by God. However, for man to sustain their life on earth they should be able to eat food and drink water that has been provided by God in plenty. This is an evident link that exists between the kind of life that God has given to man and the kind of life that man has to sustain through the consumption of food. Food is the

Management of Childhood Psoriasis with Acitretin

Management of Childhood Psoriasis with Acitretin Abstract: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the skin which can occur at any age-group. Psoriasis in childhood is not uncommon and has genetic susceptibility but usually an environmental trigger such as infection is thought to initiate the disease process. Childhood psoriasis has profound effects on both physical and psychosocial health of the patient. Treatment of mild psoriasis can be done with topical therapies but those which do not respond to topical therapies can be treated with phototherapy and systemic therapies. The use of systemic therapies in childhood is mainly based on the published data, case series, expert opinion and the experience as there is lack of controlled trials in the age group. Based on the experience retinoid are probably the second line drugs for the treatment of childhood psoriasis which do not respond to topical therapies and phototherapy. Using acitretin in a low dose and with proper physical examinations and laboratory investigations will reduce the h azard of potential serious adverse events. This article gives the review of use of acitretin in the childhood psoriasis. INTRODUCTION: Psoriasis is the chronic inflammatory disease of the skin having the world wide prevalence of 1-3% and is clinically characterized by erythematous papules and plaques covered with silvery scales(1, 2). Psoriasis can occur at any age. Psoriasis in pediatric population is not uncommon and exerts a major impact on physical and psycho-social health of a child. In about one-third of the psoriatic population, the onset of disease is seen during the pediatric age(3). In a study of 419 patients from Northern India, the age of onset of psoriasis ranged from 4 days to 14 years(4). The presence of positive family history was found to be 23% and 34.3% in two different studies(5, 6). Pediatric psoriasis has the genetic susceptibility but the environmental factors often trigger the initiation of the disease process. The most common triggering factors include respiratory infection, sore throat, stress and trauma. There are different variants of psoriasis in children like plaque, guttate, napkin, er ythrodermic, pustular and nail psoriasis(2). Plaque psoriasis is the most common subtype and the pustular psoriasis is the least common subtype(7). Psoriasis in childhood and adolescence require proper management. Both the patient and the parents must be given the knowledge about the disease and its nature. Psoriasis in childhood affects the health-related quality of life. It is found that, the risk of mental illness like depression and anxiety is increased in children with psoriasis than those without psoriasis(8). Due to the presence of visible skin lesions the children with psoriasis suffer from the low self-esteem(9). Fortunately, childhood psoriasis is usually mild and can be treated with topical therapies. Systemic treatment is required only if the disease do-not respond to topical therapies, phototherapy and if the disease is significantly impairing the psychosocial aspect of the child health. Systemic therapies for psoriasis in children are not approved by FDA. Due to the lack of controlled trials use of systemic therapies are based on case reports, published data and expert opinion. On the basis of published data and experience retinoids appear to be the second-line drug of choice for children(10). ACITRETIN: Retinoids encompasses all the compounds either natural or synthetic, which possess the biological activity like vitamin A(11). Synthetic Retinoids are classified into three generations. Acitretin and etretinate are the second generation synthetic retinoids and are also known as aromatic retinoids(12, 13). Acitretin is the free and active metabolite of etretinate. Etretinate is strongly lipophilic and tends to accumulate more in the adipose tissue and thus has a longer elimination half-life, in contrast acitretin is less lipophilic and thus clears rapidly from the body and has the shorter elimination half-life(14).Intake with food increases the absorption of acitretin so, the bioavailability of acitretin is more when taken with food than on the empty stomach(15). Due to the longer elimination half-life of etretinate it has been largely replaced by acitretin. However, it is found that re-esterification of acitretin to etretinate can take place with the concomitant intake of alcohol. So , the female patient especially of childbearing age should be strictly instructed to not take alcohol during the period of treatment with and 2 months after the completion of treatment (16). USE IN PEDIATRIC PSORIASIS: Pediatric psoriasis is usually mild and topical therapies are the first choice of treatment. Systemic therapy is not the first choice in childhood psoriasis. It is used in the treatment of recalcitrant psoriasis which do not respond to topical therapy, phototherapy and if it is significantly impairing the psychosocial aspects of the child health. Due to the lack of controlled trials, the use of acitretin is based on the published data, case reports and the expert opinion. However, the significant risk benefit of the treatment should always be weighed with the risk of disease without treatment. Long term use of acitretin in children with inherited disorder of keratinization supports the safety of acitretin in children, but the monitoring is always required(17). Acitretin is used effectively in the treatment of generalized pustular psoriasis, erythrodermic psoriasis, palmoplantar psoriasis and severe recalcitrant plaque psoriasis but acitretin is not effective in psoriatic arthropathy( 12, 18). Acitretin is used as either monotherapy or in combination with topical agents and narrowband ultraviolet phototherapy. In a multicenter cohort study by Ergun et al. 61 patients among 289 patients were treated with acitretin at a dose of 0.3-0.5 mg/kg/day with the mean duration of treatment being 9.16+-9.06 months. 47.5% of the patient achieved at least PASI- 75 response. 70.7% of the patient well tolerated the treatment with no side effects. 25.9% experienced the mucocutaneous side-effects, 1.7% had hyperlipidemia and 1.7% had nausea(19). In a multicenter retrospective analysis by Lernia et al. including 18 children with plaque psoriasis ,8(44.4%) patient achieved a PASI-response 75 at 16 weeks. The starting dose of acitretin was 0.2-0.5mg/kg/day but the dose was increased to 0.6mg/kg/day in two patients after 8 weeks. Three out of eight patients achieving PASI-75 response stopped therapy for the interval of 2-6 months but had to restart the treatment after relapse and the treatment was effective even after re-introduction. 9 patient discontinued treatment due to lack of efficacy and 1 patient discontinued treatment due to arthralgia. All patients had the mucocutaneous side-effects like chelitis, dry lips, dry mouth and pruritus. The laboratory values of the patients were within the baseline during the treatment(20). Ergin et al. reported a case of infantile pustular psoriasis treated with acitretin with the initial dose of 0.5mg/kg/day which was later increased to 0.7mg/kg/day. The skin lesion was cleared in the end of 4 months and then the acitretin was tapered to 0.3mg/kg/day for three months and then discontinued. Oral prednisolone was used initially then it was tapered and discontinued. Slight increase in serum triglyceride was observed but it returned to normal after the dose was tapered. No other adverse events were observed(21). Salleras et al. reported a case of 4-year-old girl with congenital erythrodermic psoriasis treated with acitretin at a dose of 0.5mg/kg/day and the complete remission achieved in three months. The discontinuation of the drug led to relapse so the patient was maintained in 0.5-0.75mg/kg/day of acitretin during the aggravation of the disease. The patient was followed till 7 years of age and no other secondary effects were observed(22). A case of annular pustular psoriasis in a 14-month old girl reported by Haug et al. was treated with acitretin in the dose of 0.9mg/kg/day and the patient achieved complete remission after 4 months. The dose of acitretin was reduced and tapered at 0.1mg/kg/day and discontinued after 10 months with no relapse in the following three years. The patient experienced mild side effects like chelitis, reversible hypercholesterinemia and elevation of alkaline phosphatase(23). Acitretin is aa excellent option in a child with palmo-plantar psoriasis. A 14-year-old boy with palmo-plantar psoriasis treated with acitretin at a dose of 10mg/day had a good response with improvement within 6 weeks. At 3-month follow-up the patient had almost lesion free. The patient had experienced adverse events like mild chelitis and xerosis but the laboratory values remain unchanged. Later the patient was maintained on acitretin 10mg every other day together with the topical combination of 15% liquor carbonis detergens compounded in triamcinolone 0.1% ointment applied every night(24). Combination with other therapies: Acitretin has been used in combination with NB-UVB phototherapy, methotrexate and cyclosporine A(24, 25). The effect of acitretin together with NB-UVB is found to be synergistic. A case of 3.5-year-old boy with severe pustular psoriasis (von Zumbusch type) reported by kopp et al. was started on acitretin 1mg/kg/day with the short-term use of systemic methylprednisolone for controlling the acute stage. However, any attempt to reduce or discontinue the steroid led to exacerbation of the disease. Then the patient was given NB-UVB phototherapy three times per week. Later, after five exposures the corticosteroid was tapered and discontinued. The patient was then maintained on NB-UVB phototherapy two times weekly together with acitretin 0.3mg/kg/day. Disease was well controlled with this combination regimen. The laboratory values remained unchanged during the acitretin treatment(26). A 9-year-old boy with generalized pustular psoriasis was treated with acitretin 10mg/day and was maintained at 10mg three times week for a year. Later he developed skin pain and localized area of pustules which led to increase in the dose of acitretin 20mg/day during the flare but later tapered to 10mg/day for the next year. But the patient eventually required the addition of NB-UVB phototherapy to maintain the remission. The patient is well maintained by this combination(24). Adverse events of acitretin: Acitretin in known to exert a number of adverse events. Most of the adverse events are dose dependent and reverse back to normal after decreasing the dose or after discontinuation of therapy. However, it is usual to have the minor side-effects on the long term treatment with acitretin. The most common adverse events of acitretin is the muco-cutaneous adverse events. Dry lips being the most common one and be treated with the use of emollients. Others include dry dry mouth, cheilitis, stomatitis and gingivitis and taste disturbances. Acitretin causes dryness with inflammation of mucous membrane and transitional epithelia which occasionally leads to epistaxis, rhinitis, photophobia, conjunctivitis and xeropthalmia. Alopecia, nail-fragility and paronychia have also been observed(27). Rarely patients may have the photosensitivity reactions. Retinoid dermatitis which resembles unstable psoriasis can develop 25% of the patients receiving high dose of acitretin therapy(28). Muco cutaneous side effects can be treated symptomatically, and if severe effects occur the dose reduction can be tried before the discontinuation of the drug. Acitretin causes transient elevation of liver enzymes. The elevation is dose dependent and usually reverse back to normal after reducing the dose or after discontinuation of the therapy. Severe hepatotoxic reactions resulting from retinoids are rare. In a data of 1877 patients receiving oral acitretin only 0.26% of the patients showed overt chemical hepatitis(29). However, the hepato-toxic reactions in children are rare because the cofactors like diabetes, alcoholism, and obesity are less likely in children(12). Acitretin also exerts the effects on lipid profile which is reverse back to normal within 8 weeks after the discontinuation of the drug(30). Retinoids are seen to cause the elevation of triglyceride and cholesterol and decrease in the high density lipoprotein. In a study it is seen that 35% of the patients had the elevation in serum triglyceride above 300mg/dl and about 15% of the patients had the elevation of cholesterol level(31). The decrease in the high density lipoprotein is also observed(29). Retinoids have been known to cause the skeletal abnormalities especially in children. The long term treatment with etretinate is also associated with the extraspinal tendon and the calcification of ligament. However, the study including 19 children and young adults, treated with etretinate for continuous 5 years do not show any skeletal abnormality(32). No cases of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis was seen in a retrospective study on long term use of acitretin in a low dose(33). No significant radiologic abnormalities associated with retinoids was detected in a patient of severe pustular psoriasis treated with low dose of acitretin for 9 years(34). It is usually not recommended to use oral retinoids for the treatment of psoriasis in children due to the report of occasional bone changes like premature epiphyseal closure, skeletal hyperostosis and extra-osseous calcification observed in the children on the long term treatment with etretinate(35, 36). If acitretin is to be used in a child, the child should be observed carefully for any abnormalities of growth and bone development. Routine radiography is not recommended because of the radiation hazards, but the atypical musculoskeletal pain must be investigated with x-rays. Growth chart of the child on acitretin should be maintained (27). Arthralgia, arthritis, myalgia may also occur during the treatment with acitretin. A few case of vasculitis, Wegener granulomatosis and erythema nodosum are also observed. Retinoids are teratogenic drugs. The defect due to retinoids is termed as retinoic acid embryopathy. The malformations seen in the fetus include microtia/anotia, micrognathia, cleft-palate, conotruncal heart disease and aortic arch abnormalities, thymic defects, retinal or optic nerve abnormalities and central nervous system malformations(37). Even though only one report of human teratogenicity due to acitretin has been published(27), acitretin should be cautiously used as acitretin is converted to etretinate which has a longer elimination half-life. The female patient of child-bearing should strictly be instructed for the use of two effective contraceptive method stating 1-month prior of treatment, during the period of treatment and 3 years after the discontinuation of treatment(38). However, the risk of teratogenicity by use of acitretin in children is less because of the least chance of a child to get pregnant. The concomitant use of retinoid with tetracycline and minocycline has led to pseudo-tumour cerebri(29). Pseudo-tumor cerebri was reported in a case of 14-year-old boy treated with isotretinoin and tetracycline(39). Retinoids also causes blurring of vision, headache and reduced night vision. Patient with severe headache, vomiting and visual disturbances should stop acitretin immediately and consult the doctor(27). The concomitant use of vitamin A with acitretin must be restricted. MONITORING GUDELINES: Before starting the treatment with acitretin, proper history taking and careful physical examination should be performed. Laboratory investigations including complete blood count, lipid profile, liver enzymes and blood sugar in diabetics should be done. Monitoring of the liver enzymes and fasting serum cholesterol and triglyceride must be done every 2-4 weeks of therapy for the first two months and then every three months(27). Children on acitretin therapy must have their growth charted. Female of child bearing age and their parents should be counselled about the teratogenic effect of the drug and use of contraception during and after the treatment. The pregnancy should be ruled out before the initiation of acitretin therapy with two negative pregnancy tests. CONCLUSION: Acitretin is a non-immunosuppressive drug that can be effective in the treatment of childhood psoriasis. It is seen that acitretin is more effective in pustular and erythrodermic psoriasis and moderately effective in the plaque type psoriasis in children. Acitretin is used both as monotherapy and as combination therapy. 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